Pharmacotherapy (pain relief – drug therapy)

In Australia, there are certain medications available to be purchased without a doctor’s prescriptions, or “over the counter.” These include:

1. Paracetamol – Works purely as an analgesic (pain killer) and is safe in recommended dosages, (except in advanced renal failure). There are low incidences of side effects but only mild to moderate effectiveness.
2. Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs – Ibuprofen and Naproxin are also available over the counter They act as anti-inflammatories as well as being analgesics, so often more effective than paracetamol. Thought to be safer than other ” stronger ” NSAID’s that are available only on prescription. Low but incidences of side effects including stomach ulceration. Should not be used if any history of stomach ulcers, gastritis, undiagnosed indigestion or heart-burn. Should be ceased at the first sign of these symptoms. Not to be taken on an empty stomach. Incompatible with some other medications – check with pharmacist first. Other side effects include asthma, rash, fluid retention.
3. Aspirin – One of the original wonder drugs, aspirin works in much the same way as NSAID’s. It has a similar effectiveness and side effect profile.
4. Topical treatments – Includes liniments and other creams or gels to rub on the skin. Older agents included medications like methyl salicylate or menthol. Newer agents include NSAID’s suspended in gels. Due to an inability to penetrate to any great depth through tissues, the beneficial effects are often mild. It should be remembered that prior to treatment, patients should attempt to obtain a correct diagnosis by a reputable practitioner.