Traction

Traction is a medical technique that involves applying a pulling force to a part of the body to treat fractures, dislocations, and certain musculoskeletal deformities. The primary goal of traction is to align bones, reduce dislocations, or correct deformities. Although modern surgical techniques have reduced its widespread use, traction remains relevant in specific scenarios such as pediatric fractures, preoperative stabilization, and in resource-limited settings.

There are two main types of traction: skeletal traction and skin traction. Skeletal traction involves placing a pin, wire, or screw in the fractured bone, and weights are attached to it to pull the bone into the correct position. This method is often used for fractures of the femur or thighbone. Skin traction, on the other hand, involves applying splints, bandages, or adhesive tapes to the skin directly below the fracture, and weights are fastened to it. This method is less invasive and is used when the soft tissues, such as muscles and tendons, need to be repaired.

Traction therapy, also known as spinal decompression therapy, is another form of traction used to treat spine-related ailments. It involves applying mechanical forces to the spine to reduce pressure on the discs and help the spine align correctly. This therapy is often used in physical therapy and rehabilitation to reduce pain, improve function, and aid in the healing process.

The principles of traction include the line of pull and force vectors, counter-traction, duration and monitoring, and soft tissue protection. Effective traction relies on a balance of these biomechanical principles to ensure the desired therapeutic outcome while minimizing complications.